SoDaNet | Social Terms

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For more information about SoDaNet Social Terms Dictionary, please see the working paper as well as the manual

SOCIAL TERM: Δειγματοληπτική μονάδα / Sampling unit

APPROVED DEFINITIONS FOR TERM: 2

RELATED TERMS: Στατιστική μονάδα/Statistical unit Μονάδα ανάλυσης/Unit of analysis

TERM TYPE: Methodological

DEFINITION (1): Sampling units contain the elements, and they are used for selecting elements into the sample. In element sampling, each sampling unit contains only one element; but in cluster sampling, each sampling unit called cluster, may contain several elements. For example, a sample of students may be obtained from a sample of classrooms. In the same survey we may use different kinds of sampling units (Kish, 1995,p.8).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Kallas Ioannis

REFERENCE:

σ.8

SOCIAL TERM: Αργόσχολη τάξη / Leisure class

APPROVED DEFINITIONS FOR TERM: 2

TERM TYPE: Theoretical

DEFINITION (1): Veblen’s leisure class is made up of members of the elite society who show their "superiority" not through their ability to lead, manage or create, but through their obvious spending: through the spending of effort, time and money that is respectable in a class world. . The members of this class show their status by despising all forms of productive work and especially manual work. They are motivated by monetary assimilation and this mobilization is clearly reflected in the patterns of conspicuous consumption and entertainment (Veblen, 1992).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Veblen, T. (1992). The theory of the leisure class. New York: Routledge.

DEFINITION (2): The leisure class consists of people who, because of their social class, have the financial ability to abstain from productive work and to live from the work of other people. They are only engaged in non-industrial work, such as government, religion, etc. In order to confirm their position, they must be visibly inactive. Their hobbies show not only inaction, but also skills that are proof of their abstinence from work. The term leisure class is no longer used in modern sociology, but informs us about some approximate modern social phenomena (Varul, 2007).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Varul, M.Z. (2007). Leisure class. The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, 6, pp. 2594-2596.

SOCIAL TERM: Μεσαία τάξη / Middle class

APPROVED DEFINITIONS FOR TERM: 2

TERM TYPE: Theoretical

DEFINITION (1): The middle class is a class of people in the middle of the social hierarchy. The definition of the concept is political, although there are also approaches to political and economic philosophy. In capitalism, the middle class originally referred to the bourgeoisie, but with the differentiation of classes during the development of capitalist societies, the term became synonymous with the Little Bourgeoisie. In colloquial terms, the term middle class is used as a description of the people that academics and Marxists would recognize as the working class, who are below the upper class but above those living in poverty (Abhijit and Esther, 2008).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Abhijit, V. B. and Esther, D. (2008). What is middle class about the middle classes around the world? Journal of economic perspectives, 22(2), pp. 3-28.

DEFINITION (2): The middle class describes the individuals and households that are between the working class and the upper class within a social hierarchy. In Western cultures, middle-class people tend to have a higher proportion of degrees than those of the working class, as well as higher income and wealth. Middle-class people are usually employed as professionals, managers and civil servants (Bell, 1968).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Bell, C. (1968). Middle class families. London: Routledge.

SOCIAL TERM: Νεότερη μεσαία τάξη / New middle class

APPROVED DEFINITIONS FOR TERM: 2

TERM TYPE: Theoretical

DEFINITION (1): The distinctive features of the new middle class are: a) this class does not possess legal or economic means of production, b) it performs both the global function of capital and the function of the collective worker, c) therefore it includes both the manual and the non-manual worker and d) it is both the operator and the beneficiary (Carchedi, 1975).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Carchedi, G. (1975). On the economic identification of the new middle class. Economy and society, 4(1), pp.. 1-86.

DEFINITION (2): The members of the new middle class are not self- sustaining, independent industrial units. They are at the service of others, of those that have the necessary to capital to control the companies. Economically, the old middle class was made up of capitalists, even if they were small capitalists. The new middle class is made up of proletarians, even if they are highly-paid proletarians. The old middle class lived due to the possession of means of productions, while the new middle class makes a living through selling its labor force (Fernandes and Heller, 2006).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Fernandes, L. and Heller, P. (2006). Hegemonic aspirations. New middle class politics and India’s democracy in comparative perspective. Critical Asian studies, 38 (4), pp. 495-522.

SOCIAL TERM: Ανώτερη τάξη / Upper class

APPROVED DEFINITIONS FOR TERM: 2

TERM TYPE: Theoretical

DEFINITION (1): Upper class is a socioeconomic definition used to describe the people that live above working and middle class in the social hierarchy. The upper class people have higher levels of income and their “word” is more important in politics. While upper class is only a small percentage of the population, it controls a disproportionate part of the total wealth (Baltzell, 2017).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

REFERENCE: Baltzell, E.D. (2017). Philadelphia gentlemen. The making of a national upper class. London and New York: Routledge,

DEFINITION (2): Upper class in modern societies is a social class that consists of people, possessing the higher social status and usually being the wealthiest members of the society and having the greatest political power. According to this definition, upper class is different from the huge wealth that is inherited from generation to generation, in contrast with the aristocracy of the 20th century, where the generations inherited status (Flemmen, 2012).

DEFINITION TYPE: Nominal

DEFINITION WRITER: Mastropetrou Margarita

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SOCIAL TERM: Δειγματοληπτική μονάδα / Sampling unit

REFERENCE:

σ.8

SOCIAL TERM: Αργόσχολη τάξη / Leisure class

REFERENCE: Veblen, T. (1992). The theory of the leisure class. New York: Routledge.

REFERENCE: Varul, M.Z. (2007). Leisure class. The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, 6, pp. 2594-2596.

SOCIAL TERM: Μεσαία τάξη / Middle class

REFERENCE: Abhijit, V. B. and Esther, D. (2008). What is middle class about the middle classes around the world? Journal of economic perspectives, 22(2), pp. 3-28.

REFERENCE: Bell, C. (1968). Middle class families. London: Routledge.

SOCIAL TERM: Νεότερη μεσαία τάξη / New middle class

REFERENCE: Carchedi, G. (1975). On the economic identification of the new middle class. Economy and society, 4(1), pp.. 1-86.

REFERENCE: Fernandes, L. and Heller, P. (2006). Hegemonic aspirations. New middle class politics and India’s democracy in comparative perspective. Critical Asian studies, 38 (4), pp. 495-522.

SOCIAL TERM: Ανώτερη τάξη / Upper class

REFERENCE: Baltzell, E.D. (2017). Philadelphia gentlemen. The making of a national upper class. London and New York: Routledge,

REFERENCE: Flemmen, M. (2012). The structure of the upper class: a social space approach. Sociology, 46(6), pp. 1039-1058.

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the greek research infrastructure

for social sciences

Social Terms Dictionary

DATA SERVICES

SOCIAL TERM: Δειγματοληπτική μονάδα / Sampling unit

REFERENCE:

σ.8

SOCIAL TERM: Αργόσχολη τάξη / Leisure class

REFERENCE: Veblen, T. (1992). The theory of the leisure class. New York: Routledge.

REFERENCE: Varul, M.Z. (2007). Leisure class. The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, 6, pp. 2594-2596.

SOCIAL TERM: Μεσαία τάξη / Middle class

REFERENCE: Abhijit, V. B. and Esther, D. (2008). What is middle class about the middle classes around the world? Journal of economic perspectives, 22(2), pp. 3-28.

REFERENCE: Bell, C. (1968). Middle class families. London: Routledge.

SOCIAL TERM: Νεότερη μεσαία τάξη / New middle class

REFERENCE: Carchedi, G. (1975). On the economic identification of the new middle class. Economy and society, 4(1), pp.. 1-86.

REFERENCE: Fernandes, L. and Heller, P. (2006). Hegemonic aspirations. New middle class politics and India’s democracy in comparative perspective. Critical Asian studies, 38 (4), pp. 495-522.

SOCIAL TERM: Ανώτερη τάξη / Upper class

REFERENCE: Baltzell, E.D. (2017). Philadelphia gentlemen. The making of a national upper class. London and New York: Routledge,

REFERENCE: Flemmen, M. (2012). The structure of the upper class: a social space approach. Sociology, 46(6), pp. 1039-1058.

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